Unit Model Paper · Chemistry HSSC-II · Unit 1 · Ethics and Values in Chemistry — Athens Academy Islamabad

CHEMISTRY HSSC–II

Unit 1 — Ethics and Values in Chemistry

Time allowed: 2:35 Hours Total Marks: 85 (Section A: 17 · Sections B & C: 68)

Note: Section A is compulsory. In Sections B and C, each part offers a choice — attempt ONE option (left OR right) in every part of Q.2, and attempt any TWO questions in Section C. Every question is from Unit 1. Practical (15 marks, via PBA) is assessed separately.

SECTION – A (Marks: 17)

Q.1 — 17 compulsory multiple-choice questions, one mark each. On the board paper these are answered on the question sheet within the first 25 minutes.

For this Unit Model Paper, attempt Section A on the Athens portal — the Unit 1 Quiz (24 items) and Flashcards cover the full MCQ range for this chapter.

Board weighting: 17 × 1 = 17 marks.

SECTION – B (Marks: 42)

Q.2 Answer the following questions briefly. (Attempt either option in each part.)(14 × 3 = 42)

i.	Define cognitive bias in your own words.	03	OR	Define a logical fallacy and give one everyday example.	1+2
ii.	Differentiate between a cognitive bias and a logical fallacy.	03	OR	What is confirmation bias? State one way it can distort research.	1+2
iii.	Explain the hasty generalization fallacy with one example.	1+2	OR	Explain the faulty analogy fallacy with one example.	1+2
iv.	Describe the post hoc ergo propter hoc (false cause) fallacy.	03	OR	Describe the straw man fallacy.	03
v.	Explain the appeal to tradition fallacy with one example.	1+2	OR	Explain the false authority fallacy with one example.	1+2
vi.	State Occam's razor. What is meant by "failing Occam's razor"?	1+2	OR	What is the argument from a non-testable hypothesis, and why is it a problem in science?	2+1
vii.	What is the fallacy of exclusion, and why is it harmful in research?	2+1	OR	What is begging the question? Give one example.	2+1
viii.	"A famous cricketer says this pesticide is completely safe, so it must be." Name the fallacy and justify.	1+2	OR	"It rained after we sprayed the field, so the spray caused the rain." Name the fallacy and justify.	1+2
ix.	State one pro and one con of chemical substances for human health and the environment.	03	OR	What responsibilities do scientists and companies have in producing and using chemicals?	03
x.	Why are regulations and laws important in the chemical industry? Give one pro and one con.	1+2	OR	Evaluate one benefit and one risk of using pesticides in agriculture.	2+1
xi.	State the ethical concern raised by the use of pharmaceuticals.	03	OR	State the ethical concern raised by industrial chemicals.	03
xii.	Define a claim and a counterclaim in a scientific argument.	1+2	OR	Differentiate between a premise and a conclusion.	03
xiii.	What is a rebuttal? How does it differ from a counterclaim?	2+1	OR	Give one example of an assumption in a debate about renewable energy.	03
xiv.	Label the premise(s), claim and conclusion: "Fossil fuels pollute the air; solar power produces no emissions; therefore we should switch to solar power."	03	OR	From this brochure line, identify the claim and one premise: "Our product is 100% recycled and reduces waste, so it is the greener choice."	1+2

SECTION – C (Marks: 26)

Note: Attempt any TWO questions. (Attempt either option in each.)(2 × 13 = 26)

Q.3	Explain confirmation bias: (a) define it and how it arises; (b) with examples, how it distorts research; (c) how a scientist can guard against it.	5+5+3	OR	Explain any four cognitive biases or fallacies from this unit, (a) naming and describing each; (b) giving one example of each.	8+5
Q.4	Discuss the ethical considerations in producing and using chemicals: (a) impact on health and environment (one pro, one con); (b) responsibility of scientists and companies; (c) role of regulations and laws.	5+4+4	OR	(a) Evaluate the use of pesticides in agriculture, weighing benefits against risks; (b) discuss the ethical concerns raised by pharmaceuticals and by industrial chemicals.	7+6
Q.5	Deconstruct the argument for promoting electric vehicles to reduce air pollution: (a) claim and its premises; (b) a counterclaim and a rebuttal; (c) the conclusion and one assumption.	6+4+3	OR	Deconstruct the argument for adopting renewable energy to fight climate change: (a) claim and two premises; (b) a counterclaim and a rebuttal; (c) the conclusion and one assumption.	6+4+3
Q.6	(a) Differentiate between a cognitive bias and a logical fallacy; (b) show how the same argument appears in a speech, a written article and a brochure, identifying the claim, a premise and a counterclaim in each.	4+9	OR	(a) Define the six parts of a scientific argument (claim, counterclaim, rebuttal, premise, conclusion, assumption); (b) using renewable energy, give one example of each.	6+7

Marks distribution
Section	Type	Given / Attempt	Marks	Where
A	MCQs	17 / all	17	Portal (Quiz & Flashcards)
B	Short questions	14 parts, each left OR right	42	On-sheet
C	Long questions	4 given / any 2, each left OR right	26	On-sheet
Total (theory)			85	Practical 15 via PBA (separate)

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Unit practice paper modelled on the FBISE HSSC–II Chemistry format — content from Unit 1 only; not produced or endorsed by FBISE. Verify format at fbise.edu.pk

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